Jet Fuel Fat Burners
energy management
Energy is the lifeline to prosperity and growth of infrastructure development across the country. The energy thus need to be guaranteed by its availability on sustainable basis. Energy demand is growing at a very fast pace and energy sources are becoming scarce and more expensive every day. In the energy sector alone, we need to add more than 100,000 MW of additional generation capacity and Xth XI plans to meet the power demand on the up 2012. This would involve the mobilization of around Rs.8000 million in investments by the year 2011-12 which is a very daunting challenge before the country.
Between various strategies to be developed to meet energy demand, energy efficiency and conservation is by far the lowest cost option. Steps to create sustainable energy system begin with the optimal use of resources. Improving energy efficiency is the mantra that leads to achievement of sustainable energy systems.
In a scenario where India faces peak power and energy shortage of around 80-10%, meets 70% of products demand for petroleum imports conservation and energy efficiency will play a central role. Electricity Act 2003 and Conservation Law Power, 2001 Government's legislative initiatives are to create a framework for sustainability and more efficient management of our primary future and secondary energy resources. Government of India has a high priority for Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation measures and launched Campaign Energy Conservation in 2004. In order to maintain the momentum of the campaign to conserve energy and make all users of energy to fulfill their potential role promoting energy conservation in the country, the Ministry of Energy and Energy Efficiency Bureau decided to continue with the National Campaign for Conservation Energy, which was released last year. The main goal of the campaign is to reduce energy costs, reducing demand for energy and help every citizen to make small changes of behavior that collectively will make a big difference.
STRATEGIES FOR targeted sector
- Industrial Sector
Almost 50% of conventional energy available is consumed in Indian industries. The industries of large and medium enterprises have absorbed many past programs, conserveenergy. To keep the pace, the program will focus on this currentawareness sectorthrough specificworkshops organization of the sector on energy conservation. The focussector this year's campaign will be of cement, pulp and paper, aluminum, petrochemical andrefineries. Workshops and conferences willbring meet people from around the countrywho are committed to helping nationdevelop the long term, sustainable energydirection.
The Office of Energy Efficiency plans to hold throughout the life of the conservation program for energy managers and energy auditors certified power. A large number of industrial units and also present to participate in the national campaign and organize various activities and programs to create awareness among their employees. Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) plans to ask the top management of the Industry to declare his Energy Management Policy. Already 44 industries and commercial establishments have declared their policy of energy management during the campaign of 2005. This already gave a much needed boost to the improvement of energy efficiency drive industry. Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) coordinates all consciousness the campaign activities planned for this sector.
- Commercial Sector
The problem in this sector can be treated effectively through print media inserts for tips to save electricity. Organizing seminars and symposia, demonstration of energy efficient lighting system at the fairgrounds, etc. does not help to achieve the goal effectively. Secretary of Energy Efficiency has a responsibility to create awareness through print and electronic media in this sector.
commercial building owners will be invited proceed to create awareness programs for employees. The newly introduced system of allocation of energy conservation for buildings commercial and government will be spent to include shopping malls and offices as well, instead of the concession CE.
- Domestic Sector
Domestic Sector in the category of being unorganized sector, requires a combination of strategies for sustainability awareness campaign for energy conservation. The Office of Energy Efficiency will be releasing inserts periodically on "trips" simple "about how to save energy in lighting, refrigerators, air conditioners and other electrical appliances. Registry also plans to launch a voluntary labeling system, for starters, in refrigerators and fluorescent lamps. This would provide and facilitate consumers to make an informed choice of goods and consumer goods. A large number of industrial units have also taken initiatives to move forward and create awareness among the residents of municipalities and their surrounding areas by organizing various programs for energy conservation, posters, and contests and other slogans activities such
- Agricultural Sector
inserts will be regular the Office of Energy Efficiency in the print media on simple tips to save energy sectors of the electricity and agricultural diesel operated sets pump. In addition, manufactures of pump sets are being involved in demonstrating energy efficiency improved in the modern designs of bombs in various agricultural Exhibitions, seminars, workshops, etc., as well as local fairs. Some industrial units have already committed to organizing awareness program for farmers and villagers.
- Educational Institutes
In The campaign, organized this year is to put pressure on the messages that can encourage active participation in changing the attitude towards saving habits energy since his childhood. The goal is to make the practices of energy savings as part of its shares involuntary their daily lives. The effort also aims to broaden the impact of the campaign, involving school children in order to spread the conservation message energy through their friends, parents and other relatives. The main activity, which is scheduled to be held in this regard is the continuation of the Contest Paint Energy Conservation "for school children, the State / UT and national levels. The continuation of this activity not only teach children on the need for energy conservation, but at the same time, would necessarily educate and involve parents in question above. The identified activity is one measure that can help create awareness in the domestic sector. The painting contest also aims to motivate children to energy conservation and offer them an opportunity to explore their creativity and in turn help the nation in energy savings
ENERGY Chapter 2-Introduction
Energy is defined as the ability to do work. In layman's language it can be said energy that lights our cities, machinery powers our vehicles, and works in factories. It heats and cools our homes, cook our food, plays our music, and gives us the picture on television.
Energy can be found in several forms:
- CHEMICAL ENERGY
- ELECTRIC ENERGY
- HEAT (thermal) ENERGY
- LIGHT ENERGY
- And mechanical energy
- NUCLEAR ENERGY
Energy makes everything happen and can be divided into two types:
- Stored energy is called potential energy
- Moving energy is called KINETIC ENERGY
Let's take the example of a pencil to know the two types of energies. We put the pencil on the edge of the table and push it to the floor. The pencil mobile uses kinetic energy. Now, let's take the pencil and put it back on the table. We use our own energy to lift and move the pencil. Move it above the floor adds energy him. As she sits on the table, the pencil has potential energy. The higher it is, the more he could fall. This means that the pencil has more potential energy.
We use energy to do the work and make all the moves. Eat when our bodies transform food into energy to run. When you run or walk or do some work, 'Burn' energy in our bodies. Cars, airplanes, cars, boats and machinery also transform energy to work. Work means moving or lifting something, warming or lighting something.
The discovery of fire by humans led to the possibility of burning wood for cooking and heating, thus using energy. For thousands of years human energy demands were met only by renewable energy sun, biomass, wind and hydel.
As early as 4000-3500 BC, Ships sailing in the first place and windmills were developed wind energy. With the use of hydroelectric power through windmills or water systems irrigation, things started to go faster. Firewood and dung cakes are still an important source of energy in rural India. Solar energy is used for drying and heating.
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, the use of energy as fossil fuels began to grow as more and more industries were created. This occurred in stages from exploration to the exploitation of coal deposits of oil fields and natural gas. It was only half-century since nuclear power began to be used as an energy source. In the last century, it became evident that the consumption of non-renewable sources of energy caused more environmental damage than any other human activity. Use of fossil fuels has led to high concentration of harmful gases in the atmosphere. This in turn led to ozone depletion and global warming.
There has been a huge increase in energy demand since the middle of last century as a result of industrial development and population growth. World population grew 3.2 times between 1850 and 1970 the per capita consumption of industrial energy increased about twenty times, and use the world's total industrial and traditional energy forms combined increased more than twenty times.
Due to problems associated with the use of fossil fuels, alternative sources energy became important and relevant in today's world. These sources, like solar and wind, can never be exhausted and therefore are called renewable. Also known as conventional sources of energy, which cause less emissions and are available locally. Its use can significantly reduce chemical, radioactive and thermal pollution. They are viable sources of clean and limitless energy. Most renewable sources of energy are fairly non-polluting and considered clean. However, biomass is a major polluter indoors.
renewable energy sources include the sun (solar), wind, water (hydel ENERGY), agricultural waste, wood and dung animal (biomass), geothermal energy is derived from hot dry rocks, magma, hot water springs, natural geysers, etc. Ocean thermal is derived from waves and also from tidal waves. Let's read about all these energy sources in detail in the following pages.
Chapter 3 How energy is measured
One of the basic blocks of energy measurement is called the British thermal unit or Btu. Btu is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit, at sea level. It takes about 2,000 Btu to make a pot of coffee.
The energy can also be measured in joules. A joule is the amount of energy needed to raise £ 1, about 9 inches. Then arose a sugar five pounds from the floor to the top of a meter (27 inches), you would about 15 joules of energy. It takes one thousand joules to match a Btu. It would take two million joules to make a pot of coffee.
Joule is named after an English physicist named James Prescott Joule who lived 1818-1889. He found that heat is a form of energy.
Worldwide, the energy measured in joules scientists rather than Btu. It's much like the people around the world through the Metro system, meters and kilograms. As in the metric system, you may have kj "kilo" means 1000, so 1000 joules = 1 kilojoule = 1 Btu.
For example, a piece of buttered toast contains about 315 kilojoules (315 000 joules) of energy. With this energy you can:
- Jog for 6 minutes
- Bike for 10 minutes
- Walk quickly for 15 minutes
- Sleep for an hour and a half
- Execute a car for 7 seconds to 80 mph
- Light a 60-watt bulb for an hour and a half
In some respects, the system has total energy evolved in a vacuum of leadership in the last 25 years. The share of world primary energy derived from natural gas, the cleanest fossil fuels, increased in more than 25%. So has the use and generation of renewable energy sources.
Still, the overall efficiency of energy production continues to be extremely low: on average, over 90% of energy consumed is lost or wasted in the process of converting raw materials like coal for the service final energy as light to read a book. The main problem is not that we use energy, but how we produce and consume energy resources. What we really need are sources of energy that will last forever
Chapter 4 Energy EXCHANGE
Energy can be transformed into another kind of energy. But it can not be created and destroyed. Energy has always existed in one form or another.
For example:
· Energy stored in batteries for flashlight becomes light energy when flashlight is activated.
· The food is stored energy. It is stored as a chemical with potential energy. When our body uses that stored energy to do the job, it becomes kinetic energy. If you eat too much food energy is not "burned" but is stored as potential energy in fat cells.
• When talking on the phone, your voice is transformed into electrical energy, which passes through wires (or is transmitted through the air). The phone on the other end changes the electrical energy into sound through the speaker.
• A car uses the chemical energy stored in the gasoline to move. The changes of the engine the chemical energy into kinetic energy and heat energy for the car.
• The toaster changes electrical energy into heat and light energy.
TV • The changes electrical energy into light and sound.
Chapter 5 Fossil Fuels
The Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 19th century man shot search for alternative sources fuel to meet energy needs of rapidly growing industries. With the realization that fossil fuels could meet this requirement, the world's energy needs were satisfied for the moment.
FOSSIL FUELS are so called because they were derived from fossils, which were formed millions of years ago during the time of the dinosaurs. They are fossilized organic remains that for millions of years were converted to oil, gas and coal. Because of their training takes so long, these fonts are also called non-renewable.
These fuels are made from plants animals, and decaying matter. When the plants dinosaurs and other ancient creatures died, they decomposed and were buried, layer by layer in the earth. Took millions of years to form these layers into a hard, black rock like substance called coal, a thick liquid called oil or petroleum, natural gas and the three main FORMS fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels are usually found beneath the soil. Coal is mined or dug, while oil and natural gas are pumped out. Coal is widely distributed and is easier to find than oil and gas.
Fossil fuels take millions of years to do but burn and disappear in seconds. Once they are used, they can not be reused. People have planet irredeemably damaged by extracting and burning these fuels. Better not use fossil fuels as they are not renewable. We must learn to conserve these energy sources.
Every year, millions of tons of coal is consumed energy. This has led to global warming (effect emissions) and resource depletion. Today, the world's burning coal, oil and natural gas releases billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year. Burning of fossil fuels either through some kind of pollution. Even if the fuel is low sulfur, the atmosphere contains nitrogen, which combines with oxygen at high firing temperatures found in boilers, jet engines or cars. This produces nitrogen oxides, which, like nitrogen oxides, sulfur dissolves in rain to form nitric acid. Both gases are poisonous to human beings. Mining and fossil fuels may cause disturbance to the surrounding ecosystem. The burning of fossil fuels emits sulfur oxides and nitrogen in the atmosphere
Chapter 6 ENERGY CONSERVATION
When we look around us we see the machinery working, lights, fans, etc. cars, we simply can not imagine life without them. We also can not imagine the amount of power being used to run it all. Fortunately, people all over the world are becoming aware of the problem of energy they consume too much and are making a conscious effort to preserve it and thus put less pressure on the land. For energy conservation also decrease the amount of pollutants released into the air and thus help keep the air clean.
The interaction between the natural resources and the population has to be maintained a balance to ensure the continuity of the human race. Energy is essential for life and its conservation has become an absolute necessity.
Portugal is the total energy consumption is low, but in relation to its gross domestic product of the production the relative consumption is high. The cost of commercial energy is also high compared to what most other countries. The industrial sector consumes about 50% of the total power output commercial. There is an increasing need to bring improvement in efficiency of energy use in industry.
Concerns about the negative environmental impacts the inefficient use of power are growing, both globally and regionally. Such concerns require greater national efforts and strengthen international cooperation to promote energy efficiency and energy conservation. more efficient energy use can increase productivity and economic competitiveness, as well as lower emissions of greenhouse gases per unit of production.
Energy conservation has been recognized as a national priority for a great time, but concrete measures were not taken seriously and the few who have taken the lack of focus and determination. The growth and demand for energy is increasing at a very fast pace, especially in the industrial sector, the transport sector and households, therebyputting great pressure on available resources. The need of the hour became the conservation and preservation. Conservation and energy efficiency in industry have long been a priority of the Government of India. People in your party should become aware of the seriousness and its best to conserve and preserve this power. Our small contributions to conservation can help a lot. Some of these steps may be:
- In our house we can save energy by turning off appliances, TVs and radios that are not being used, seen or heard.
- Turn off lights when no one in the room.
- By placing the insulation in walls and roofs, can reduce the amount of energy required to heat or cool our homes. Insulating a home is like putting a sweater or jacket when they are called, instead of turning up the heater.
What is Chapter 7 Power Management
Enery iscollective term management for all the systematic practice for minimizing and controlling both the quantity and cost of energy used in delivering a service. important components of management energy include:
- Personal involvement and awareness
- Minimization of energy waste
- Monitoring permanent, setting targets and reporting to ensure energy usage remains within policy objectives
- Maximizing energy efficiency through passive means and / or the use of appropriate technology
- Use the most appropriate source of energy (eg electricity, gas, solar), taking into account for environmental benefits
- Purchase of energy at a more economical price
- Modifications of operations, whenever possible, make the best use of the energy price structure
- Increasing the use of energy from renewable sources
Many companies consider the energy as a burden instead of a resource that is deemed unmanageable by the Administration, but energy management is not only possible, but also helps in reducing the costs of a business and helps society as a whole, controlling pollution and use resources in the most ideal. With the help of several companies one of which ENER-G, which is to provide innovative solutions and energy management technology became readily achievable.
AIM energy management to reduce the amount of energy consumed by a building. Good energy management starts from an understandingof how a building uses energy. The next step is to identify inefficiencies and to agree actions to improve efficiency. These actions need associated targets and ongoing monitoring to measure their performance.
Measures taken to improve efficiency can vary. Some cost nothing, while others are low cost and some require greater investment. Some use technology to focus on other people but good energy management, usually saving through a combination of all thestepswhich best suit an organization. Improving energy efficiency can bring many benefits:
- Lower energy costs
- Reduced emissions carbon
- Improved working conditions
- Better control
- Ensure legislative compliance
- AIDS accreditation ISO 14001
- Demonstrates corporate and social responsibility
Chapter 8 RELATION management of energy management plans MISCELLANEOUS.
Power management is not should be performed in isolation, but must be a strategic component of an overall plan of management. energy management not only makes good financial sense too protects the environment by reducing the amount of emissions of greenhouse gases attributable to the operations of government.
Agencies that are part of a energy reduction strategy under the umbrella of an overall plan of corporate governance are more likely to achieve greater energy savings. Planning appropriate at the time of purchase can provide lasting financial and environmental benefits for the agency.
Many organizations regard the costs power as inevitable and fixed. However, energy costs are a more controllable variable costs within the agency. Generally, all that is needed to ensure the success of a plan for energy management is commitment from all employees, from the highest level to the floor of the office. In most cases, a policy of successful management of energy will only require a small capital investment and about the short and medium term will actually save money.
Chapter 9 benefits energy
MANAGEMENT
By incorporating a good level of the saving plan of a company is obliged to make savings and help control pollution of the environment. Some of the benefits of a business plan are:
- Minimization Operating Cost
It is estimated that a 5% reduction in operating costs is possible through good house keeping practices and implementation a broad program of energy management. saving additional upto7% should be attained in the medium and long term through investment in energy technology updates efficient.
- IMPROVING PROCESS CONTROL
Watching for the operation of building controls generally improve the performance of building systems, including the elimination of systems working against each other.
- Work Environment IMPROVE
An efficient and better controlled building leads to an improvement in general working conditions for staff. more comfortable environment contributing to a work environment more productive.
- REDUCING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
For every kilowatt-hour electricity consumed, around 1kg of greenhouse gas is emitted into the atmosphere. Implementing a program for saving energy not only saves money because reduces the environmental impact of activities that follows it.
Chapter 10 RENEWABLE ENERGY
Last century, it was seen that the consumption of non-renewable sources of energy has caused more environmental damage than any other human activity. Electricity generated from fossil fuels like coal and oil led to a high concentration of harmful gases in the atmosphere. This in turn led to many problems being faced today such as ozone depletion and global warming.
Therefore, the alternative energy sources have become very important and relevant in today's world, these sources, like the sun and the wind is never exhausted and therefore are called renewable. They cause less emissions and are available locally. Its use can largely reduce the chemical, radioactive and thermal pollution. They stand out as a viable source of clean and limitless energy. These are also known as unconventional sources energy. The majority of renewable energy is considered clean, while the biomass, indoors is a big polluter.
When you burn a piece of wood that turns into ashes. We can not use this gray light a fire again. This is exactly what happens to the non-renewable sources energy such as coal, oil and natural gas. Once we burned them can not be reused. Except this, they also cause damage to the environment. Some renewables are:
- Solar energy
- Hydel power
- Wind power
- Geothermal energy
- Biomass
- Cogeneration
Chapter 11 SOLAR ENERGY
Form of energy: thermal energy
USED FOR: Cooking and heating, drying and seasoning of wood distillation, electricity / power generation.
SOME OF The devices and other devices: solar cooker, solar cooker plate, concentrating collectors, solar hot water systems (domestic and industrial) solar pond, solar dryers, solar hot air systems, concentrating collectors.
FACT: Portugal gets solar energy equivalent to more 5000000000000000 of kWh per year, which is much more than the total energy consumption in the country.
Solar energy is the most readily available source of energy. He did not belong to anyone and is therefore free. It is also important non-conventional sources of energy because it is not polluting, and thus helps reduce the greenhouse effect.
Solar energy has been used since prehistoric times, but the most primitive form, such as drying clothes. Before 1970, some research and development was conducted in some countries to exploit solar energy more efficiently. But most remained essentially academic. After the dramatic price increase of oil in the 1970s, several countries began to formulate extensive research and development programs to explore solar energy.
India is one of the few countries with long days and plenty of sunshine, especially in the Thar desert region. This area, with abundant solar energy available, is suitable for use solar energy for a large number of applications. Solar thermal energy is being used in India for the heating, both for industrial and domestic. A 140 MW integrated solar plant is to be created in Jodhpur, but the initial expense incurred is still very high.
Solar energy can also be used to meet our electricity needs. Through Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) cells, solar radiation is converted directly into DC electricity. This Electricity can be used as are or may be stored in the battery. This electrical energy can be used at night.
SPV can be used for a variety of applications, such as:
- Domestic lighting
- Lighting
- Village Electrification
- Water pumping
- Desalination of seawater
- Railway signs
If the means to make effective use Solar energy is found, it would reduce our dependence on nonrenewable sources of energy to a large extent.
Chapter 12 BIOMASS
Form of energy: chemical energy
USED FOR: Cooking, mechanical applications, pumping, power generation, transportation.
SOME devices and other devices: biogas plant / gasifier / burner, aerator pump motor assemblies, stirling engine pump sets, gas / Producer biogas engine generator sets based, ethanol / methanol.
FACT: One pound of dry plant tissue can produce as much as 1890Kcal heat which is equivalent to the heat available from a quarter pound of coal.
Biomass is a renewable energy resource from the carbon residue from various human activities and natural. It is derived from various sources, including byproducts from the timber industry, agricultural crops, raw materials from the forest, major parts of household waste and wood.
Biomass does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere it absorbs the same amount of carbon in growing as it releases when consumed as fuel. Its advantage is that it can be used to generate electricity with the same equipment or electrical installations that are now burning fossil fuels. Biomass is an important source of energy and most important fuel worldwide after coal, oil and natural gas.
The traditional use of biomass is more than its use in modern applications. Biomass in the developed world is again becoming important for applications such as combined heat and power generation. Moreover, biomass energy is gaining importance as a source of clean heat for domestic heating and community heating. In fact, in countries such as Finland, Sweden and the U.S. per capita energy biomass use is higher than it is India, China or Asia.
Biomass fuels used in Portugal represent about a third of the total fuel used in the country, being the most fuel used in more than 90% of rural households and about 15% of urban households.
Instead of burning the loose biomass fuel directly, it is more practical to compress it into briquettes (compress them through a process to form blocks in different ways) and thereby improve their usefulness and convenience of use. biomass in dense briquette form can be used directly as fuel instead of coal in traditional ovens and chulhas or gasifier. Gasifier converts solid fuel into more convenient to use the gaseous form of fuel called gas producer.
Scientists are trying to exploit the advantages of biomass energy as an alternative source of energy as it is renewable and free of liquid CO2 (carbon dioxide), and is available in abundance on earth in the form of agricultural waste, city garbage, cattle dung, firewood, etc. Bio-energy in the form of biogas, which is derived from biomass, should become a major energy resources for global sustainable development.
Currently, the technology, biogas provides an alternative source energy in rural India for cooking. It is particularly useful for families in the village which has its own cattle. Through a simple process of manure livestock is used to produce a gas, which serves as fuel for cooking. The residual dung is used as fertilizer.
Biogas plants have been established in many areas and are becoming very popular. Using local resources, namely cattle manure and other organic wastes, fertilizers and energy are derived. A mini-digester biogas was recently designed and developed, and is being used in the field tested for domestic lighting.
Indian sugar mills are rapidly turning to bagasse, the leftover of cane after being crushed and its juice is extracted to generate electricity. This is mainly being done to clean up the environment, cut to reduce energy costs and generate additional revenue. According to current estimates, around 3,500 MW of power can be generated from bagasse in sugar mills 430 in the country. About 270MW of power has already been commissioned and much more is under construction.
Chapter 13 ENERGY hydel
Form of energy: kinetic / potential energy
USED FOR: power generation
Some of the gadgets and devices: turbine generators
FACT: On average, 60 km million square meters of tropical seas absorb solar radiation equal the heat content of 245 billion barrels of oil.
ENERGY SOURCES OF WATER
The power of water that flows can be used to produce electricity. Waves result from the interaction of wind with the sea surface and represent a transfer of energy from wind to the sea. Energy can be extracted from the sea, creating a reservoir or basin behind a barrage and then passing tidal waters through turbines at the dam to generate electricity.
MINI PC or hydroelectric
Hydropower is one of the best, cheapest, and a clean source of energy, though, in the amount of large dams, there are many environmental and social problems as seen in the case of Tehri and the Narmada Project. Small dams are, however, free of such problems. This is indeed one of the first to hear about renewable energy sources in the country (since the early 20th century).
In fact, for the last hundred years, people living in the Himalayas have been using water mills, or Chakka, to grind wheat. The 130 kW small hydropower plant in Darjeeling created in 1897, was the first in India. Besides being free of the pollution problem, these plants are also free of problems and controversies that are associated with large projects, ie, affecting the lives of thousands of people living along the banks of rivers, destruction of large forested areas, and threats of Seismology.
The new environmental laws, affected by the danger of global warming have made energy from small hydropower plants more relevant. These small plants dams can serve the energy needs of remote rural areas independently. The real challenge in a remote area lies in marketing success energy and recovery rates. local industries must be encouraged to use this power for sustainable development.
It is a technology with huge potential that can exploit water resources to supply energy to remote rural areas with little access to conventional energy sources. It also eliminates most of the negative environmental effects associated with large hydro projects.
POWER OF THE OCEAN SEA-thermal power and energy of waves.
Large amount of solar energy is stored in the oceans and seas. On average, 60 million square km of tropical seas absorb solar radiation equivalent to the heat content of 245 billion barrels of oil. Scientists think that if this energy can be harnessed a great source of energy may be used a great source of energy available for tropical countries and other countries too. The process of harnessing this energy is called OTEC (Ocean conversion of thermal energy). It uses the temperature differences between the ocean surface and depths of about 1000m to operate a heat engine that produces energy power.
Energy is also obtained from waves and tides. The first wave energy project with a capacity of 150MW, was set up at Vizhinjam near Trivandrum. A project of great power of tsunami costing Rs. 5000 crores, is proposed to be created in Hanthal Creek in the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat.
In some countries as generators of energy on a small scale in Japan directed by wave energy or the sea, have been used as energy sources for the channel marker buoys.
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